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MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (HISTOLOGY) of the URETER and TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM lining the Ureter, 100X. The Ureter is composed of three coats or layers--Mucosa (mucous layer or coat), Muscularis (muscular layer, smooth muscle) and Adventitia (connective tissue). Cross section of the ureter. The mucosa consists of transitional epithelium--many of these cells are pear-shaped. This epithelium is very adaptable--the cells can change shape and become much flatter if the Ureter is filled with urine and stretched. The bladder is also lined with transitional epithelium--the cells of this epithelium can become much flatter as the bladder fills with urine. The large clear space above the epithelium is the lumen of the ureter.