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Illustration from 'Surgical Anatomy: The Treatise of the Human Anatomy and Its Applications to the Practice of Medicine and Surgery, volume III' (by Dr. John Blair Deaver) shows a ligated posterior tibial artery in its upper third, and flexed leg laid on its outer side, 1903. An incision about three inches long is then made along the inner edge of the tibia. In ligating the posterior tibial artery in the middle third the incision is made in the missle of the leg over the internal edge of the tibia. The artery should be separated from the vein and nerve, and the ligature passed from without inward. In ligating the posterior tibial artery at the ankle, the incision should be semi-circular I shape, and should be made midway between the iternal malleolus and the calcaneum. . (Photo by VintageMedStock/Getty Images)