51³Ô¹ÏÍø

Tree pests (Moths): Oak processionary moth (Cnethocampa processionea, or Thaumetopoea processionea) with a. caterpillar, p. pupa, c. moth, d. detail of a cocoon ball (lleft vertical row); Gypsy moth (Liparis dispar, or Lymantria dispar) with a. male, b. female, c. hermaphrodite moth (right: male, left: female), d. pupa, e. caterpillar, before the last molt (center, top); Pine-tree Lappet (Gastropacha pini, or Dendrolimus pini) with a. male moth, b. caterpillar, c. cocoon, d eggs, e. death caterpillar with cocoon balls of Microgaster nemorum (center, bottom); Black arches (Liparis monacha, or Lymantria monacha) with a. caterpillar, b. two cocoons on a bark piece, young caterpillars, and a pupa, c. male, d. female moth (right vertical row). Woodcut engraving, published in 1878.