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Neurons and myelin sheaths, illustration. Neurons (nerve cells) transmit electrical signals around the nervous system. Each cell body has numerous processes (dendrites) that collect and transmit information from other nerve cells and sensory cells. Each cell body also has an axon leading from it, through which it passes information to other cells. Here, the myelin sheaths (white) are shown, produced by oligodendrocytes. Myelin sheaths insulate the axons from electrical activity. This insulation increases the rate of transmission of nerve signals.